The Pyramidion of the Pyramid of Khendjer originates from the 13th Dynasty (1803-1649 BCE) of the Intermediate Period in ancient Egypt. Constructed out of black granite, this pyramid-shaped capstone, or 'Pyramidion’, is approximately 1.3 meters in both dimensions, demonstrating the precision of ancient Egyptian craftsmanship.
Each of its four faces has been engraved with detailed inscriptions and bas-reliefs. The eastern face depicts a deceased pharaoh represented by a scarab beetle, signifying rebirth, and a sun disc, symbolizing eternal life. Both the southern and northern faces feature identical cartouches displaying five separate royal titles, which illustrate the king they were created for. The western face, however, reveals two instances of the funerary god, Osiris.
The Pyramidion shares its historical origins with the pyramid complex of King Khendjer in Saqqara, a royal necropolis. The inscriptions on the artifact have proven pivotal for understanding the otherwise shadowy reign of King Khendjer, further emphasizing his reign via the throne name, Userkare or 'The Soul of Re is Powerful.' Presence of similar titles inside the nearby pyramid corroborates the artifact's association with King Khendjer.
More than just a decorative architectural element, pyramidia were used by ancient Egyptians to represent the progression of the solar cycle and the pharaoh's spiritual journey towards the afterlife. Their high-reaching points, especially prominent during sunrise, signified the concept of regeneration and rebirth.
Additionally, the Pyramidion provides insight into the changing burial practices during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, representing a shift from physical to symbolic pyramids.
