The artifact under focus is a segment of the Parthenon Marbles collection, specifically the South Metope XXX. The Parthenon, an ancient temple on Athenian Acropolis, was dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the city's patron deity. The Southern Metope XXX is part of the sequence of metopes that adorned the southern section of the structure.
Metope is defined as a rectangular plate filling the gap between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze, an architectural feature located above the temple’s architrave. South Metope XXX is noted for its exceptional preservation, contributing significantly to the understanding of classical Greek art.
The dimensions of South Metope XXX are approximately 1.2 meters in height. Its composition consists of a combination of white and black marble. The depiction of two figures suggests a confrontation between a Centaur and a Lapith. In Greek mythos, Centaurs were half-man, half-horse beings, while Lapiths were a legendary race known for their combat with the Centaurs at a Lapith royal wedding.
The carved Centaur is illustrated mid-action, exhibiting a forward momentum typical of its equine attributes. Conversely, the Lapith is shown in a defensive pose, bracing against the Centaur's advance. The Lapith's well-defined physique and striated musculature reflect his supposed strength, while the Centaur's robust lower body and untamed facial features capture its unruly nature.
Despite centuries of inevitable damage, original details in the carving remain obvious. These details include the creases in the Lapith's clothing and the horse-like attributes of the Centaur.
South Metope XXX is among ninety-two metopes on the Parthenon, each presenting different narratives inspired by Greek mythology, predominantly involving battle scenes. This artifact belongs to the southern series, believed to illustrate the conflict between Centaurs and Lapiths.
Dated around 447-432 BC, this artifact demonstrates not only aesthetic appeal but also offers insights into the culturally active and artistically advanced era of ancient Greece.
